Haptogram: Ultrasonic Point-Cloud Tactile Stimulation

Haptogram: Ultrasonic Point-Cloud Tactile Stimulation

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Studies of the stimulating effect of ultrasound as a Problems and Prospects of Development of Infrastructure of the Agrarian Market in Ukraine Проблемы и перспективы развития инфраструктуры аграрного рынка Украины tactile display have recently become more intensive in the haptic domain.In this paper, we present the design, development, and evaluation of Haptogram; a system designed to provide point-cloud tactile display via acoustic radiation pressure.A tiled 2-D array of ultrasound transducers is used to produce a focal point that is animated to produce arbitrary 2-D and 3-D tactile shapes.

The switching speed is very high, so that humans feel the distributed points simultaneously.The Haptogram system comprises a software component and a hardware component.The software component enables users to author and/or select a tactile object, create a point-cloud representation, and generate a sequence of focal points to drive the hardware.

The hardware component comprises a tiled 2-D array of ultrasound transducers, each driven by an FPGA.A quantitative analysis is conducted to measure the Haptogram ability to display various tactile shapes, including a single point, 2-D shapes (a straight line and a circle) and a 3-D object (a hemisphere).Results show that all displayed tactile objects are perceivable by the human skin (an average of 2.

65 kPa for 200 focal A systematic review of the interrelations of urban form and mode choice in African cities points).A usability study is also conducted to evaluate the ability of humans to recognize 2-D shapes.Results show that the recognition rate was well above the chance level (average of 59.

44% and standard deviation of 12.75%) while the recognition time averaged 13.87 s (standard deviation of 3.

92 s).